Rekonstruksi Nilai Filosofis Keadilan Dalam Ekonomi Islam: Integrasi Maqāṣid Al-Sharī‘Ah Dan Teori Keadilan Kontemporer
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https://doi.org/10.47077/ekosiana.v13i2.748Laburpena
Keadilan merupakan nilai filosofis fundamental dalam ekonomi Islam, namun sering dipahami secara normatif dan belum sepenuhnya mampu menjawab persoalan ketimpangan sosial modern. Penelitian ini bertujuan merekonstruksi konsep keadilan ekonomi Islam melalui integrasi Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah dengan teori keadilan kontemporer, khususnya perspektif John Rawls dan Amartya Sen. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berbasis studi kepustakaan dengan analisis filosofis, hermeneutik terhadap dimensi ontologis, epistemologis, dan aksiologis keadilan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keadilan ekonomi Islam berlandaskan prinsip kemaslahatan, keseimbangan, dan perlindungan hak dasar manusia; integrasi dengan teori Rawls memperkuat kerangka keadilan distributif yang operasional dalam pemerataan akses dan peluang ekonomi; sementara pendekatan kapabilitas Sen memperkaya orientasi keadilan Islam pada pemberdayaan dan kebebasan manusia. Penelitian ini menawarkan model keadilan ekonomi Islam yang integratif dan aplikatif sebagai dasar perumusan kebijakan anti-ketimpangan di era ekonomi modern dan digital.
Kata Kunci: keadilan ekonomi, Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah, ekonomi Islam, teori keadilan, ketimpangan sosial.
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